Who Was J. N. Andrews, and How Did He Contribute to Adventism?

John Nevins Andrews (1829–1883) was an influential leader in the early days of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. He was a Bible scholar who helped shape several Adventist beliefs and juggled many roles in the Church. Most notably, he was the first official missionary for the Adventist Church outside North America.

Today, his most famous legacy is Andrews University, an Adventist college in Berrien Springs, Michigan, named after him.

In this post, you’ll learn more about who J. N. Andrews was, his contributions to the Adventist Church, and his roles as a theologian, missionary, and ministerial trainer.

We’ll answer the following questions:

• Who was J. N. Andrews?
• What role did he play in forming the Adventist Church?
• What was his significance as a missionary?
• What is his legacy?

Let’s begin with the details of his early life.

Who was J. N. Andrews?

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J. N. Andrews was born in Poland, Maine, on July 22, 1829. But soon after, his family moved to Paris Hill, Maine, where he grew up in a farming community.

His only record of formal schooling is six months of secondary school at age 14. But he had an appetite for learning and continued to teach himself.

By his late teens, he could read several languages and had a broad general knowledge. He also had a good understanding of Latin, algebra, and English grammar.

His aunt said that Andrews was a “fine, promising boy—a very fine scholar and strictly moral [with] first-rate common sense.”¹

One of his uncles noticed his scholarly potential and offered to pay for Andrews to attend law school. But by this time, he and his family had become Millerites.

And this religious experience led him down the path that he took for the rest of his life.

Conversion and joining the Millerite Movement

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J. N. Andrews traced his first religious conviction to the young age of five. That’s when he heard a sermon on Revelation 20:11 at the local Methodist Episcopalian Church.

In 1842, when he was 12, he heard Joshua Himes and other Millerite preachers teach about the Second Advent. This experience led to the day in January 1843 when he said he “found the Savior.”²

His family and several other Millerite families in the neighborhood joined together to form a congregation.

Then came the Great Disappointment of October 22, 1844.

It took a while before he could understand the experience. And he struggled to come to terms with the Disappointment.

But then, in mid-1845, he read a tract by T. M. Preble, a Seventh Day Baptist, on the sacredness of the seventh-day Sabbath. That helped convince Andrews, and he became a Sabbath keeper at the age of 17.

A few years later in September 1849, Ellen White, James White, and Joseph Bates visited Andrews in Paris Hill. They shared a new understanding of Daniel 8:14 as explained in a paper by O.R.L. Crosier, another Millerite. They said that “the cleansing of the sanctuary” refers to Jesus’ new work in the heavenly sanctuary, not His return to earth.

This explained the Millerites’ error which led to the Great Disappointment.

After learning about this new position, Andrews wholeheartedly joined Bates and the Whites in sharing it with other former Millerites.

And at a conference that month, he “felt a call to ministry.” This marked a major turning point in his life.³

From then on, he devoted his entire life and talents to spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ.

But he didn’t do this alone. His family was his great support and encouragement.

His marriage and family

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On October 29, 1856, Andrews married Angeline Stevens (1824–1872).

The Stevens and Andrews families were friends in Paris Hill, and by this time, they had both moved to Waukon, Iowa.

John’s first two children were born there: Charles (1857) and Mary (1861).

In 1863, he and his family went to New York, where they had two more children, both of whom died in infancy.

Then sadly, his wife Angeline died from a stroke at age 48 in 1872. In her eulogy, John wrote, “No unkind word ever passed between us, and no vexed feeling ever existed in our hearts.”⁴

Andrews moved to South Lancaster, Massachusetts, where the children could stay with a family friend. He never remarried.

But despite all the personal tragedy, J. N. Andrews was a strong leader in the early days of Adventism.

J. N. Andrews’ role in the early Seventh-day Adventist Church

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In October 1849, at age 20, Andrews wrote a letter to James White, who was the editor of the Present Truth at the time. That letter began Andrews’ long career as a writer and editor for Adventist publications.

The first Adventist press was set up in Rochester, New York, in 1852. Andrews joined James White and Joseph Bates as a member of the publishing committee. He was only 22.

Just before that, Andrews had begun traveling in the New England area to preach and do pastoral work. Then, he was ordained as an Adventist preacher in 1853.

Because of his skill as a writer and a preacher, and because of his great love for study, he made significant contributions to the Adventist Church. He contributed to the doctrinal understanding, ministerial effort, leadership, and development of church initiatives.

Here are some highlights:

Doctrinal contributions

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As mentioned earlier, Andrews was an avid scholar. And he used all his intellectual gifts to study the then-young Adventist Church’s beliefs, such as:

Sunset as the beginning of Sabbath: The Church was not settled on when Sabbath should begin. Some said Friday at midnight. Others, Saturday morning or Friday at 6 p.m.

So, he undertook intense research and published a paper in 1855 that said, according to the Bible, sunset on Friday marks the beginning of the Sabbath.⁵

Defense of Sabbath’s observance throughout history: In 1861, he published his most prominent book, The History of the Sabbath and the First Day of the Week, which traced the Sabbath throughout history.

Tithing system: He also led a biblical study of systematic benevolence in 1858. It’s what led to the Adventist Church’s current tithing plan.

Health reform: He helped introduce new health reform ideas to the Adventist community during the early 1860s.⁶ His teachings were based on his and his son’s experiences with health challenges.

Defense of Ellen White’s ministry: As editor of the Review, he wrote an article entitled, “Our Use of the Visions of Sr. White.” In it, he showed from the Bible the place of spiritual gifts in the church and supported the ministry of Ellen G. White.⁷

Prophetic interpretation of Revelation 13: He pointed out the connection between the two-horned beast of Revelation 13 and the United States of America.⁸

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State of the dead: After the Civil War, Andrews wrote on the doctrine of the non-immortality of the soul.⁹ This was to help answer questions on life after death and the state of the dead.

And this wasn’t even all he did. He also held leadership positions and spearheaded various initiatives.

Church leadership and organization

Andrews was generally a dedicated hard worker. And if there was something that needed to be done or a role that needed to be filled, he never hesitated to help out.

He served in several capacities in the church. His positions included:

• Organizer of the denominational publishing house (1860)
• Co-founder of the New York and Minnesota conferences (1862)
• Organizer of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists (1863)
• Registrar of the denomination so it could own property legally (1863)
• Creator of the Church organization’s bylaws and constitution (1863)
• Advocate of the non-combatant status for Adventist draftees in the Civil War in Washington D.C. (1864)
• Third president of the General Conference (1867–1869)
• Editor of the Review and Herald after James White and Uriah Smith (1869–1870)

And throughout his years in leadership, he put evangelism at the forefront. Let’s look at that next.

Evangelism

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When Adventists decided to have annual evangelistic meetings called “camp meetings,” Andrews hosted the very first one in the fall of 1868.

And he proved to be a very gracious host. It’s reported that every night, he went from tent to tent, asking the attendees, “Are you all comfortable for the night?”¹⁰

Andrews also pioneered new evangelistic methods. For example, he started long-term pastoral mission efforts in some places, instead of the typical two- or three-week evangelistic meetings.¹¹

Eventually, his love for evangelism took him across the ocean as a missionary.

J. N. Andrews as the first Adventist overseas missionary

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J. N. Andrews became the first missionary to be sent overseas by the Adventist Church. Together with his teenage children, he left New York for Neuchatel, Switzerland, in September 1874.

This was in response to calls for a minister to be sent to a group of Sabbath keepers that had come together in Switzerland seven years earlier.

Besides his excellent scholarship, evangelistic experience, and love for the gospel, he was chosen for this assignment for two reasons:

1. He had been corresponding with this group for more than three years.
2. He could read the Bible in French, which was an important language in Europe.

Ellen White was confident of Andrews’ suitability for the task and wrote to church leaders in Europe saying, “We sent you the ablest man in our ranks.”¹²

He worked to unite the Sabbath-keeping group and organize the mission field.

Then, he established an Adventist publishing press in Basel, Switzerland, and started a French evangelistic periodical called Les Signes des Temps. This was the French version of Signs of the Times, which was published back on the American Pacific coast.

In all this, his children were his support and helpers in the printing and publishing work. The family decided to speak only French at home (except for an hour a day). And in a short while, Mary became the copyeditor and proofreader for the French periodical.

Andrews also led in efforts to:

• Train leaders and young men for evangelistic outreach
• Establish Basel, Switzerland, as the mission base for the rest of Europe
• Convene with the General European Conference at Tramelan (near Basel), Switzerland, along with J. N. Loughborough and other delegates
• Form foundational policies for overseas mission work for the Adventist Church
• Shape and establish the future of Adventist work across national and cultural boundaries by showing the importance of adapting mission efforts to local circumstances

However, due to overwork, an inadequate diet, and poor sanitation, John developed pneumonia, and Mary developed tuberculosis.

In the fall of 1878, John went back to North America to attend the General Conference Session. He took Mary with him in hopes she could receive treatments and recover at the Battle Creek Sanitarium. But she died on November 27, 1878.

Heartbroken again, Andrews returned to Europe.

And after nine years of service in Europe, he died in 1883 at the age of 54. His body was buried in Basel, Switzerland.

But even though he died young, he left a telling legacy.

J. N. Andrews’ legacy

J. N. Andrews was a Seventh-day Adventist minister, pioneer missionary, evangelist, writer, editor, and scholar.

He had a gifted intellect, which he used to advance Adventist theology and minister to others. It is reported that later in life, he was fluent in seven languages and had memorized the whole of the New Testament and parts of the Old Testament.

His book History of the Sabbath and the First Day of the Week continues to persuade thousands about the Sabbath truth to this day. And his writing and evangelism led many to the truth and continue to nurture the Church in North America, Europe, and North Africa.

To honor his contribution to Adventist scholarship and global mission:

• John Nevins Andrews School in Takoma Park, Maryland, was named after him in 1907
• Andrews University in Berrien Springs, Michigan, was named after him in 1960
• A sculpture of John, Mary, and Charles was unveiled in front of the Andrews University Pioneer Memorial Church in 1993

But beyond his achievements, John N. Andrews left us an example of a life of wholehearted service to God, the church, the community, and the world. In his life, we see zest for the gospel and an unwavering love for God.

To learn more about the inspiring lives of others in the Adventist Church,

Related Articles

1. Persis Sibley Andrews Black Diary (PSABD), October 8, November 9, 1843, Maine Historical Society, Portland Maine. [↵]
2. White, James, “John Nevins Andrews,” The Health Reformer, April 1877, p. 98. [↵]
3. White, Ellen, Spiritual Gifts, vol. 2 (Battle Creek, MI: James White, 1860), p. 117. [↵]
4. “Death of Sister Andrews,” ARH, April 16, 1872, 124. [↵]
5. White, Ellen G., Testimonies for the Church, vol. 1, p. 116. [↵]
6. The Health Reformer, June 1877, p. 161. [↵]
7. Review and Herald, February 15, 1870. [↵]
8. Andrews, J. N., “Thoughts on Revelation XIII and XIV,” Second Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, vol. 1, May 19, 1851, pp. 81–85.[↵]
9. Pamphlets such as Thoughts for the Candid (1865), Samuel and the Witch of Endor (1866), Departing and Being With Christ (nd), and The Wicked Dead: Are They Now Being Punished? (1865). [↵]
10. Spalding, Arthur W., Origin and History of Seventh-day Adventists, vol. 2 (Review and Herald Publishing Association, 1962),  p. 12. [↵]
11. Andrews, J. N., “Labors in Maine,” Advent Review and Herald, October 31, 1865, p. 173. [↵]
12. White, Manuscript Releases, vol. 5, p. 436. [↵]

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